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Assimilation and Accommodation

Assimilation and Accommodation

Jean Piaget viewed intellectual growth as a process of adaptation (adjustment) to the world. This happens through: * Assimilation, which is using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation. * Accommodation – this happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation. * Equilibration – occurs when a child’s schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation. However, a state of disequilibrium occurs when new information cannot be fitted into existing schemas (assimilation) .

Equilibration is the force which drives the learning process as we do not like to be frustrated and will seek to restore balance by mastering the new challenge. (accommodation). Once the new information is acquired the process of assimilation with the new schema will continue until the next time we need to make an adjustment to it.

Example

A 2 year old child sees a man who is bald on top of his head and has long frizzy hair on the sides.

The child will assimilate the man as a clown. This is assimilation. And when the father explain to his son that the man was not a clown and that even though his hair was like a clown’s, he wasn’t wearing funny costume and wasn’t doing thing to make people laugh. This is accommodation. And with this new knowledge, the boy is able to change his schema of “clown” and make this idea fit better to a standard concept of “clown.

” According to Piaget, teaching can support these development processes by stages of Development. A child’s cognitive development is about a child developing or constructing a mental model of the world. Jean Piaget was interested both in how children learnt and in how they thought. Piaget studied children from infancy to adolescence, and carried out many of his own investigations using his three children. He used the following research methods: Naturalistic observation: Piaget made detailed observations of children, and from these he wrote diary descriptions charting their development. He also made Clinical interviews and observations of older children who were able to understand questions and hold conversations. Piaget believed that children think differently than adults and stated they go through 4 universal stages of cognitive development.

* Sensorio-motora: desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años aproximadamente. En esta etapa se caracteriza al niño como extremadamente egocéntrico, donde no comprende el mundo de otra forma que no sea su propio punto de vista. El desarrollo principal en esta etapa es el entendimiento de que los objetos existen independientemente de su relación con el objeto (permanencia del objeto), es decir que el niño es capaz de mantener una imagen mental de una persona u objeto a pesar de no estar presente o visible. En esta etapa los bebés aprenden principalmente a través del ensayo y error. El objetivo de Piaget era investigar a qué edad los niños adquirían esta “permanencia del objeto”. El método que uso fue esconder un juguete debajo de una sábana y ver si el niño buscaba el objeto escondido. Esta búsqueda del objeto era una prueba de la permanencia del objeto. Piaget supuso que el niño solo podía buscar el objeto escondido si tiene una representación mental de él.

* Etapa Pre-operacional: desde los 2 a 7 años aproximadamente. En esta etapa los niños desarrollan gradualmente el uso del lenguaje y la capacidad para pensar en forma simbólica. Sus pensamientos en esta etapa suelen ser egocéntricos. Egocentrismo hace referencia la incapacidad del niño de ver una situación desde otro punto de vista que no sea el de él mismo. Según Piaget, un niño egocéntrico supone que las personas ven, escuchan o sienten lo mismo que él. Piaget quiso descubrir a qué edad los niños dejan de tener esta actitud.

* Operaciones Concretas: desde los 7 a 11 años aproximadamente. En esta etapa el niño es lo suficientemente maduro para pensar lógicamente en operaciones unidireccionales. Pero pueden aplicar la lógica sólo con objetos físicos. Los niños se vuelven menos egocéntricos y entienden las leyes de conservación, esto significa que comprenden que aunque la apariencia de un objeto cambie, no significa que cambie el objeto en sí. * Operaciones Formales: desde los 11 años hasta la adultez. Cuando los adolescentes entran en esta etapa adquieren la capacidad de pensar de manera abstracta, de combinar clasificar los elementos de una manera más sofisticada, y la capacidad de razonamiento de orden superior. Además desarrollan una identidad y se muestran más interesados en temas sociales.

Date: Jun 15,2022
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